In the area of high land on the island of Sumatra in most of the farming community of plants with a very traditional way (ie farming pattern with sub-system or with the natural kindness). In Indonesia, both the island Sumatra, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and Papua, the agricultural crops of the previous generation bequeathed by the pattern has almost the same, namely sub-system.Farming patterns usually use this way to plant the crops such as durian, duku, pecan, sugar palm (naturally, grow your own, dibiakkan by wild animals like civet cat), areca nut, banana, tamarind gelugur, mangosteen etc.. Among plants, many plants that are also already in the land as inherited by their fathers.
Special areas for Sibolangit, about 30 KM south of the city of Medan, to agricultural communities is also the same. Areas inhabited by the majority ethnic Batak Karo is the average family has 4 hectares of land, but land is not been the most, the only community garden or farm their durian season when the fruit or the other that they have the dikebun (already approaching the period seasonal fruit), if you like their new busy shrub rake in the garden so that when the durian fruit fall can be seen immediately and can be taken for sale, because if it does not look old and then taken akan rotten fruit.
Meanwhile, if there is no seasonal fruit and garden akan abandoned, farmers usually akan Professi switch for a while to become traders, angkot or taxi driver in the city of Medan or wander for a while the day laborer in other regions.
Wise Traditional, Ecological & Economical
The traditional farming pattern is indeed very friendly with the natural, sensible and supporting ecosystem, because the plants with the different types of farmers in the garden will keep the various animal remains alive because of the availability of the food chain for the flora and fauna that live there awake. Very different from the pattern of monoculture plantations!
However, if only for the discerning nature and the environment, how about the people who live nearby? Question is what triggers of Rural Skills (BITRA) Indonesia, Medan, to develop a garden with a pattern of poly people in 1997 ago. Poly this concept, where people keep kebiasaannya with traditional gardening, but will do so that intensification of land that can be productive and have high economic powerless against the land. On the other farmer is no longer a day laborer, or in other places because it can take a driver and a garden that requires daily activities kotinuitas high enough. In the concept of poly farmers to plant more of the recommended 4 types of plants in a garden paving. Besides, the other farmers in the vicinity should also be no planting of rice to meet the basic needs that do not depend on the availability of rice from other regions.
Now the farmers say, with this farm poly them feel more secure and work-ahead for the garden. Meaning that they are economically secure, as they almost every day now can reap the garden. Namely, sugar palm disadap niranya setian day, bananas and cocoa barangan every week there is a yellow fruit, acid & pinang gelugur each month is a good way down from the tree, start the rice yellow gold every 6 months, durian, mangosteen and duku harvest feast, each one a year .
Similarly when one of the price of agricultural production because of cheaper game the traders, farmers poly for this no problem, because the price of certain commodities, the other high.
Why polyculture Plans?
Sibolangit this area promises much hope for the community garden for the production also promises hope for people around to produce and get results for prosperity. And hill slope areas (valleys, sloping to rolling) with a height of 300 - 600 above sea level (dpl) provides a cool climate and good rainfall. Around the area than there are reserves also be passed by 2 river, rivers and river Farmers Betimus. From this situation invites people still preserve the natural land management with the poly. They also have organizations pelestari the river is named River Forum Community care (FMPS) that build the defense system and harvesting river ikannya collectively with the time period specified. In addition to maintaining FMPS also make rules and restrictions, restrictions on destructive fishing, such as using fish bombs, poison and electric (tuba), but fishing, and drag menjala still be justified, when there is a village or rural population that still violate the prohibition sanctions moral and social subject. They mengistilahkan river conservation and biotanya this term with Lubuk Larangan. They also work to clean the river (from non-organic waste) every 1 years.
In fact the above is a concept that is higher than poly, which is called a mix of farming or agriculture combine between crops, livestock, peikanan and ekowisata, but we dare not claim that agriculture is that we apply due to mix farming and livestock do not perikanannya the maximum, meaning that not all farmers have to apply livestock and fish in the garden, are only part of farmers. That we are therefore called poly.
Poly is a system of agriculture or agricultural model that economic, ecological, berbudaya, able to adapt and humane. This model of agriculture is also a model of sustainable agriculture. Poly model of agriculture is a correction of the total agricultural monoculture model.
Poly derived from the word poly means many and culture means the plant. Literally means poly model with many types of agricultural crops on the same land. Poly model of agriculture is not to gado-gado or overlapping is not a sari, sari overlapping model because only known semusim on agricultural crops. Poly model of agriculture based on the phases from year to year, the condition of ecosystems will be better. Plants developed and natural conditions will be more perfect and stable. In addition, when the plants are hard to reach the maximum age and not more productive, stem diameter is very large it will be profitable for farmers to sell and cut the wood of course is very high economic value.
Poly akan integrate various technologies diselaraskan with the cultivation of plants that have penology and aspects of the local and the sustainability of natural resources.
How to Start a polyculture Plans?
Farming community that is traditionally as we call it an above-certainly already have the land and plant origin. Once there is consensus among the early farmers in a large garden carpet, we must start with the mapping system garden Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA). After the images obtained with different types of garden plants in the plant should be decided which of the large distance of meeting the growth ditebang must provide for regulation in order to enter the sun, where sunlight is needed by the new plants, or plants a lower fotosinthesis in the process. So if the plant would be developed is a cocoa and banana plants barangan (in order to maximize land use and results) then the poly is a concept that is very appropriate because the old plants can be a high-filter masks and the sun not to jump the plant does not need full sun (50-70%).
Plant distance regulation is also important that the competition does not occur the required food plants, each plant would need a major element of the same food is required, such as the burly elements, but also have different food needs of the plants if there are more diversified will stabilize the condition land and nature.
Type of plant according to the local garden poly model petai is, durian, pinang, sirsak,-complexioned, duku etc.. The reasons for the consideration of; 1). Petai plant leaves is not dense, easy to decay, and there is fertile land and autumn produce. 2). Durian tree, the fruit and leaves valuable ekonimis easily decay. 3). Pinang & high coconut tree is not dense (in the shade beneath the plants from the sun), economic value and invite ant. 4). Sirsak produce and invite a working ant to control pests and diseases. 5). -complexioned & duku produce and not too dense.
Cattle serve as the appropriate one of the components is a poly chickens, goats, cattle & buffalo because of the kotorannya can be used as fertilizer, but specifically for the goat to be monitored must not eat the new plants. Bees help plant another wedding flowers and produce honey.
While the fish. In fact the fish according to what kept the flow of the river that cut across the garden poly, but the fish must be adjusted to the conditions of water (race, or being quiet) and the availability of food in the river, and also the temperature and purity of water. For fish, if the land does not have the flow of the river can be made pond or swamp the existing natural
Differences in the garden and poly monoculture review of pest or disease, have been on the poly pest or disease is very much reduced because the pests get food from other plants that grow on the land but do not have the value of economic production but also does not disrupt the productive plants, such as grass and perdu plant (shrub).
Poly model can also avoid the erosion on the cliffs of the river or the flow of rain water that flows in the surface soil.
To improve soil fertility, the things that need to be developed on the poly is to maintain a garden ecosystem, make compost, not to make a pest extermination with chemical pesticides, livestock keeping and maintaining the unique one that produced a particular region.
Constraints or Pests & Diseases Solution
Travel from the life of farming since the poly pattern or model farmers in the highlands Sibolangit maximize land use and development of crop production with cocoa (this new plant for the community) in the way when the cocoa harvest began treatment plant pests and start to appear, pest and disease can not by others pests, especially fruit drill cocoa (PBK). So the issue is done in the School Field Cocoa poly model (SL-poly) Sayum in the village of Sabah, which is a combination of farmers from villages in 6 districts Sibolangit, poly garden area with approximately 500 hectares.
In the SL-poly farmers learn technical issues such as 1). Biological control of pests to drill Cocoa Fruit (PBK). 2). Black Semut multiplication in plants to control pests and Helopeltis sp drill Cocoa Fruit (PBK). 3). Technique of making fertilizer bokashi (bokasi rice straw & leather biah cocoa). 4). Making compost using pembusuk waste bokhasi (PSB). 5). Multiplication as the fungus Trichoderma Sp antagonis (fungi that control the root disease fungus but does not damage the plants). Various pesticides and vegetable (from natural materials and does not contain toxic chemicals), natural fertilizer & techniques of treatment, hairdressing etc.. To get a list of materials, how to create and mengaplikasikannya on how readers can contact the plant to the Division of Agriculture, BITRA Indonesia.
Iswan Kaputra, Social Worker at BITRA Indonesia, Singapore and Chairman of the Forum Community of origin Labuhan Batu (FORMAL).
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