Land that the going is not only narrow the field, garden, or fields, but also in the yard, the land directly adjoining the house. Fragmentation of land makes the yard which is a defense that last inch of food lost. Nutrition is less the case may be a result of this situation.
Now we are hard to get yards on the houses on the island of Java. Until 1980 the teachers still teach farming to plant in yards students. Now it may still be taught, but not easily implemented. In front of the house is not more land yards, but has become a road. Behind the house a little more land and tend berimpitan with a neighbor's house.
However, there are still impressions yards. Yard with a variety of different plants and pets are also found in families that are mostly children work outside the city and do not hang up on land owned by his parents so that the land was still awake.
In a house in District Ponjong, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, DI Yogyakarta, a family can still reap a variety of plants and animals from the yard. In the yard there are cassava, papaya, catfish, cattle, bees and honey. Not far from her home available to supply the rice paddy fields. At least a description such as this can represent a profile yards.
Gambaran yards are more simple compared to the yards in the past a more complete, in which a plant medicines, bamboo trees, coconut trees, teak, and others. Plant medicines into pharmacy so that when living on a family member who is sick, they easily get the medicine.
"Currently the grounds of biodiversity decline. Role as a crutch yards economic rather more prominent as a source of family nutrition. Yards increased exploitation. They need money for daily needs, "said the Head of Management Development Center Faculty of Economics Sanata Dharma University, Yogyakarta, the researchers also yards, Antonius Budisusila.
In the past, more yard work as the basis for household food than as a source of economic growth. Results yard sale to a new market when a family needs food or other instruments of households that can not be made.
The emergence of yards in the agricultural system in the archipelago is not easily obtainable. However, any posts in the Javanese Homegarden the termuat in the Journal for Farming Systems Research (1992) Otto Soemarwoto and GR Conway articles that cite Terra (1954) mentioned, based on written sources, there are grounds on 860 BC. However, in the yard archipelago have long predicted. Terra Central Java is the suspected origin of the yard.
However, in the book Wind Flower, Portuguese archipelago in the (2008) shows the sea-Portuguese sailor who make a number of settlements in the settlement or plant is also a stronghold of the various plants to survive. The author of the book, Paramita Abdurachman R, said, the coming of Portuguese in the century to make the 16-yard start population treated and planted flowers.
Facts of the above does not seem to be necessary dipertentangkan, but rather seen as complementary. Possible grounds are already there before the Portuguese came, but the Portuguese arrival in the yard to complete the plant, such as the flower above. Arrival any other nation, such as the Netherlands, estimated to complete the plant and animal in the yard.
Research on the grounds has been made. Since the colonial era, researchers are examining meminati yards. In History of Java (1817), Raffles says, there are at least 10 percent of the yard area of agriculture.
In the year 1937 publication issued by Ochse shows have a strong relationship between the quality of the yards and nutritional status of households. With previous research on the Terra Kutowinangun, District of Purworejo, show, 18 percent of calories Feed and Feed 14 percent of protein derived from the local yards.
Fill in the yard all kinds of animals and plants. There is interesting research, the general characteristics yard in Central Java have always plant drugs. This is related to the Javanese practice who like to drink herbal medicine. In West Java yards with characterized plant vegetables because people like the Sunda lalapan.
There are also examining the anthropological side of the yard. Penny and Ginting (1984) mention, in general, managed by the women's yard yard so easily obtained in areas that have matriarchal kinship patterns in Java, West Sumatra and Aceh. Yards gained in difficult areas such as the kinship patriarkal in North Sumatra, especially the Batak.
Commodities yard is also a means of socializing with neighbors. Results from a few yards is not distributed to the neighbors around. However, this is also the division that contains the elements associated with the mystical danger or treat disease.
A number of studies cited by Otto Soemarwoto and GR Conway showed that the changes in the stability of a yard. On the condition of rice production to decrease or famine occurs, the secondary staple food, such as cassava, taken from the yard. Sales of bamboo and coconut harvested from yards also increased when the famine. Harvesting the results also show improvement yards before the Idul Fitri at the time the family needs cash.
The two researchers stated that, when the New Order began to move in 1969 with the long-term development plans, there are a number of middle-class and above who need good nutrition. This met with the farmers producing commodities, commodities in demand in the market. As a result, the types of changes occur in the commodities yards drastically. Trends monoculture resulted in entry of various diseases. As a result, can be seen up to now, a number of centers bertumbangan agriculture and difficult to stir.
Meanwhile, the grounds appear Budisusila see when the market and the state (and also the kingdom in the past) does not reflect people's food. People capable of independent thinking about their food security.
"Market and country has been since the past to this day the institution is not a good reflection of people's food security. People have a serious initiative through the yard, "he said. He also said, during the Dutch colonial yard cantilever needs to be able to people food.
Food self-reliance ideology is already long in the level of the people. People have the authority to fight for food self-reliance, at least through the yard. In this case, the state should support, but there ketidakrelaan country that people have a strong initiative so that unwitting self terkikis. On the other hand there are the interests of self-reliance so that was damaged as if independence is strong, the strength of capital markets alias can not afford to offer something to the people (consumers).
In addition, the yard Budisusila view mirror is a people's culture in berolah think. Yards that are developed with the technical aspects of the food security, economic, artistic, and anticipate problems that may occur in the medium and long term.
Kompas, 1 September 2008. Written by Andreas Maryoto
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